Top 10 programming languages to learn in 2020

The popularity of programming languages fluctuates every year.

 Learning a new programming language is always a long-term investment of your time and brain power. If you are an experienced developer or if you already know many programming languages , then you have a niche , you can learn modern one.

Top 7 modern programming languages to learn now

Already firmly established in the mainstream and software development industry.

Famous programming languages ranking websites rank at the top.

Popularity is increasing or stable and is not decreasing rapidly.

They have a large group of libraries , frameworks , tooling support , and a large community.

I will use data , facts, and figures from reliable and authentic sources to list and rank the ten most in-demand programming languages at this time . In addition , I will give a brief overview of programming languages with historical context , key features, and primary use cases .

1. PYTHON

• Since 1990 in the decade Guido van Rosum has developed as part of its project to PYTHON , so anyone imagine not that one day will be the most popular programming language. Considering all the well-recognized rankings and industry trends , I put PYTHON as a programming language overall . 

• PYTHON has not experienced a meteoric rise in popularity like JAVA or C / C ++. Furthermore , PYTHON is not a disruptive programming language. But from the beginning , PYTHON has focused on developer experience and has tried to reduce the bottleneck in programming so that schoolchildren can also write production-grade code. 

• 2008 in , PYTHON 3 to introduce significant breaking changes introduced with the costs PYTHON massive overhaul and went through a correction. 

• Today , PYTHON is ubiquitous and used in many areas of software development , with none being slow.

5 key features:

• PYTHON's USP is its language design. It is highly productive , elegant , simple , yet powerful. PYTHON has set the Gold standard in terms of developer productivity and simplicity. 

• PYTHON in C / C ++ integration of first class and CPU heavy tasks C / C ++ can take off easily. As a result , PYTHON dominates the machine learning / deep learning / data science landscape. 

• PYTHON has a very active community and support.
• With its small and agile runtime , PYTHON for Srhwarles computing and cloud computing are used intensely . 

• PYTHON has been in the industry for 30 years and adopts extensively in both industry and education. PYTHON has excellent tooling support. 

Popularity:

Over the past several years , PYTHON has seen a huge increase in demand , with no slowdown. Programming language ranking site PYPL has ranked PYTHON as the number one programming language, with it gaining considerable popularity in 2019 :

2. JAVASCRIPT

• During the first browser wars , Netscape by Brendan Ic work to develop a new programming language for their browser was assigned . Brendan Eich developed the initial prototype in just ten days , and the rest is history. JAVASCRIPT was often mocked for its poor language design and lack of features. 

• Over the years , JAVASCRIPT has evolved into a multi-paradigm , high-level , dynamic programming language.

•  JAVASCRIPT 's first significant breakthrough came in 2009 when Ryan Dahl released Node.js , the cross-platform JAVASCRIPT runtime and enabled JAVASCRIPT to run on the server side. 

• The second major breakthrough of JAVASCRIPT occurred around 2010 when Google released AngularJS , a JAVASCRIPT-based web development framework .

• Today , JAVASCRIPT is one of the most used programming languages in the world and runs virtually everywhere: browser , server , mobile device , cloud , container , micro- controller.
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• JAVASCRIPT is the undisputed king in browser programming. Today , web development is mainly dominated by JAVASCRIPT-based SPA frameworks such as React , Vue.js, Angular. 

• Node.js Thanks , JAVASCRIPT provides event-driven programming is , especially I / O is suitable for heavy tasks. 

• JAVASCRIPT has Gone through a massive modernization and overhaul over the past several years , especially in 2015, 2016 and later. Major JAVASCRIPT releases such as ES5 , ES6 have added many modern features , and today's JAVASCRIPT is completely different from the JAVASCRIPT of the last decade . 

• JAVASCRIPT is one of the most active and vibrant communities. Every day , 500 NPM packages are issued , which only shows how active the community is. 

• Thanks to the JAVASCRIPT engine's small size and short start-up time , it is widely used and is the number one language of choice in serverless computing .

Popularity:

JAVASCRIPT is one of the top-ranked programming languages due to its ubiquitous use across all platforms and mass adoption .

Octovers has placed JAVASCRIPT as the number one programming language for five consecutive years through a GitHub repository contribution :

Main Use Cases: 

• Web Development
• Backend Development
• Mobile App Development
• Serverless Computing
• Browser Game Development 

3. JAVA

• JAVA is one of the most disruptive programming languages ​​to date. 90 Back in the decade , commercial application mainly C ++ were developed using , which was dependent on a complex stage. James Gosling and his team at Sun lowered the barrier to developing business applications by offering a very simple , object-oriented , interpreted programming language that also supports multi-threading programming .

• JAVA JAVA Virtual Machine (JVM) developed by platform independence is achieved , abstraction to which low-level operating system developers and the "write once , also run anywhere" programming language. In addition , JVM offered generation waste collection , which manages the object life cycle. 

• In recent years , JAVA has lost some of its markets to highly developer-friendly modern languages ​​and the rise of other languages , notably PYTHON , JAVASCRIPT. Also , the JVM is not quite cloud friendly due to its heavy size. Oracle recently introduced hefty license fees for JDK , which would further increase JAVA's 

 

popularity. 

Fortunately , JAVA is working on its shortcomings and trying to make JAVA fit for the cloud through the Grewalam initiative . Also , OpenJDK in , proprietary Oracle JDK is a free alternative.

JAVA is still the number one programming language for enterprises.

FEATURE

• JAVA 's USP It is a powerful , feature-rich , multi-paradigm programming language with a moderate learning curve and high developer productivity. 

• JAVA is strictly backward compatible , which is an important requirement for business applications. JAVA has never introduced major breaking changes like PYTHON or Scala . As a result , it is still the number one choice for enterprises. 

• JAVA's runtime JVM is a masterpiece of software engineering and is one of the best virtual machines in the industry. With 25 years of innovation and engineering craftsmanship , JVM provides high performance and convenience to JAVA. In addition , JVM provides some advanced garbage collection to JAVA.

• Due to its long-time dominance in the industry , JAVA provides a vast ecosystem of libraries , frameworks and tooling support. 

• Another major feature of JAVA is that it develops and reinforces itself all the time. JAVA has now adopted a six-month release cycle and hard work to be cloud friendly through its GraalVM initiative . 

Popularity:

Five years after its release , JAVA became the third most popular programming language and always remained in the top 3 lists over the next two decades . Here is the long term history of JAVA in the popular TIOBE rankings:

Main Use Cases:

• Enterprise application development
• Android app development
• Big data
• Web development

4. C #

• 2000 in , tech giant Microsoft has its object-oriented C programming language C # adds. Decided to build as part of the .NET initiative , which will be managed (run on a virtual machine like JAVA). Veteran language designer Anders Heijlberg designed C # as part of Microsoft's Common Language Initiative ( CLI) platform , where many others ( primarily Microsoft languages) were compiled into an intermediate format , which was called the Common Language Runtime ( CLR). 

• During the early days , as the JAVA copy C # went to the criticism. But later , the two languages ​​diverged. In addition , Microsoft 's C # compiler / runtime license is not always clear. Although Microsoft is not currently enforcing its patents under the Microsoft Open Specification Project , this may change in the future. 

• Today , C # is a multi-paradigm programming language that is widely used not only on the Windows platform, but iOS / Android platform ( Xamarian thanks ) and Linux platforms are used widely on the.

 

5 key features:

• Anders Hjellsberg did an outstanding job of bringing C # out of the shadow of JAVA and giving his own identity. In terms of developer experience , C # is ahead of JAVA. 

• Like other popular languages on this list , C # is developing and strengthening itself. Hot reactive programming was first created in C # . 

• Supported by Microsoft and being in the industry for 20 years , C # has a large ecosystem of libraries and frameworks. ASP.NET is used for web development , especially on Windows. 

• C # has exceptional tooling support , thanks to Microsoft . Traditional visual studio. Both .NET or now Hip Visual Studio code has excellent support for C # . 

• Like JAVA , C # is also platform independent ( thanks to CLR ) and runs on Windows , Linux , mobile devices.

Popularity:

Popular language ranking site TIOBE January, with an overwhelming advantage in 2020 in 5 Got ranked:

Main Use Cases:

• Server-side programming
• applications development
• Web development
• Gambling
• Software for windows platform

5. C LANGUAGE

• 1960 and 1970 during the decade , every cycle and storage of the CPU of every byte really was . Bell lab engineer Dennis Ritchie has developed a procedural , general-purpose programming language that has been directly compiled into machine language during 1969–1973 . C provides low-level access to memory and full control over the underlying hardware.

• Over the years , C became one of the most used programming languages. In addition , C is arguably the most disruptive and influential programming language in history and has influenced almost all other languages on this list. 

• C is often criticized for its though accid insider complexity , insecure programming , and lack of features. In addition , C is platform-dependent , meaning the C code is not portable. But if you want to use your hardware the most , then C / C ++ or Rust is your only option. 

 

5 main features:

• As the C granted access low-level memory and machine instructions to compile , it is one of the fastest and most powerful programming languages is. 

• C gives full control over the underlying hardware. C program can run on every platform and use every kind of hardware could pick , whether GPU 's , TPU, container , cloud , mobile devices or microcontrollers. 

• C is one of the " programming languages of the language" , that is , the compilation of several other programming languages are written in C.

• C , along with C ++ , dominates the system programming domain (eg , operating systems , real-time systems , automotive , flight control).

• C is the oldest programming language on this list and it has dominated the industry for 47 years. C considered the popularity of the programming language as ranking higher than any other language which is evident from TIOBE 's long-term ranking history:

Main Use Cases:

• System programming
• Gambling
• IoT and Real-Time Systems
• Machine learning , deep learning
• Embedded system

6. C ++

• Bazanne Strostrup worked with Dennis Ritchie (producer of C) at Bell Lab during the 1970s . Heavily influenced by many , he first made of the C + + as an extension , object-oriented features added. Over time , C ++ has evolved into a multi-paradigm , general-purpose programming language. Like C , C ++ also compiles for low-level memory access and direct machine instructions.

• C ++ also provides full control over the hardware , but with the cost of accidental complexity and no language-level support for memory protection and concise protection . Also , C ++ provides much more features and is one of the most complex programming languages to master.

• For all of these factors and its platform dependency , C ++ has lost its popularity in JAVA, especially for enterprise software development and Big Data domains in the early 2000s .

• C ++ is once again gaining popularity with the rise of GPU, containerization , cloud computing , as it can quickly adapt itself to take advantage of hardware or ecosystem changes. 

• Today , C ++ is one of the most important and heavily used programming languages in the industry.

 

5 main features:

• Like JAVA , C ++ is constantly modernizing and optimizing with changes in hardware or ecosystem. Modern C ++ is a more secure , productive space than older C ++ versions . 

• C- like , C ++ also gives full control of the underlying hardware and all can run on the platform and can take advantage of all the hardware , regardless of the GPU , Teepiu , container , cloud , mobile devices or microcontrollers. 

• C ++ is blisteringly fast and heavily used in performance-critical and resource-constrained systems. Many popular software such as JAVA Virtual Machine , chrome V 8 engine , a lot of database C ++ are written in. 

• Due to its long-time dominance in the industry , C ++ also has excellent tooling and framework support.

• C ++ has wide support in the industry (for example , by Google, Facebook, Microsoft ) and in the community.

 

Popularity:

• C ++ in the list is the second oldest programming language and TIOBE Programming language ranking 4 th place:

Main Use Cases:

• System programming
• Gambling
• IoT and Real-Time Systems
• Machine learning , deep learning
• Embedded system , distributed system

7. PHP

• like Python , PHP is another programming language that 90 someone during the decade was developed as a side project by a single developer. Software engineer Rasamus Lerdorff initially created PHP as a set of common gateway interface binaries written in C to create dynamic web applications . Later , more functionalities were added to the PHP product , and it systematically evolved into a fully developed programming language. 

• Currently in , PHP is a general-purpose , dynamic programming language mainly is used to develop server-side Web applications. 

• With the rise of JAVASCRIPT- based client-side web application development , PHP is losing its appeal and popularity , and PHP is its dominant past. Contrary to popular belief , PHP will not die soon , although its popularity will gradually decrease. 
  

key features:

• PHP is one of the highly productive server-side web development programming languages. As a result , it is widely used in the industry to develop web applications at a rapid pace. The most prominent social networking Facebook was developed in PHP . 

• As PHP has been used in web development for the past 35 years , there are many successful and stable PHP frameworks in the market.

• Many majors PHP ( Facebook , WordPress ) is using , is leading to great tooling support for it. 

• PHP is constantly evolving , and in particular is trying to improve its often critical performance issues.

 

Popularity:

• The programming language ranking site TIOBE ranked PHP as the 8th most popular programming language in January 2020 . However , PHP 's long-term ranking history shows that PHP is past its core and is slowly losing its appeal:

Main Use Cases:

• Server-side web application development
• Developing CMS System
• Standalone web application development.

8. SWIFT

• SWIFT is one of only two programming languages that has also appeared on my list: "Top 7 Modern Programming languages to Learn Now ". A group of Apple engineers led by Chris Lattner have worked to develop a new programming language, SWIFT, primarily to replace Objective-C on Mac and iOS platforms .

• It is a multi-paradigm , general purpose , compiled programming language that also provides high developer productivity. SWIFT LLVM ( developer supported by Chris Lattner) compiler toolchain C / C ++, like Rust. 

• SWIFT has great interoperability with the Objective-C codebase and has already established itself as the primary programming language in iOS app development 

5 main features:

• One of SWIFT's main USPs is its language design. With simple , concise and clean syntax and developer erGonomic features , it provides a more productive and better alternative to Objective-C in the Apple ecosystem . 

• SWIFT also offers features of modern program languages: null security. In addition , it provides syntactic sugar to escape the "pyramid of doom". 

• As a compiled language , SWIFT is increasingly as fast as C ++. This system is gaining increasing popularity in programming and other domains. 

• Supported by a trillion- dollar company like Apple , SWIFT has excellent tooling and framework support. 

• SWIFT limits memory mismanagement through automatic reference calculation (ARC).

Popularity:

• Another kind of modern programming languages , SWIFT extremely among developers is popular and most beloved in the list of languages 6 is ranked:

• SWIFT has run the top 10 lists of the most popular programming languages in the TIOBE index in just 5 years of its first stable release :

Main Use Cases:

• iOS app development
• System programming
• Client-side development ( WebAssembly of through )
• Read or learn to meditate
• IoT

 

9. Go

• Like SWIFT , Go is only the second programming language on the list from the last decade. Also , like SWIFT , Go is made by a tech giant. 

• Over the past decade , Google has frustratingly figured out that existing programming languages cannot take Google 's human resources properly asynchronous hardware. For example, it took half an hour to compile Google 's C ++ codebase. In addition , they wanted to tackle the development scaling issue in the new language.

• Renowned software engineer Rob Pike ( UTF-8) and Google Ken Thompson (in UNIX OS) by 2012 a new , practical , to be learned easily , highly scalable went to systems programming language created and released. Go is a runtime and garbage collector (a few megabytes) , but it is packaged in a runtime generated executable . 

• Although Go is a feature anemic , it has become a mainstream programming language in a short period of time.

5 key features:

• Go has language-level support for Concurrency . It Gortain ( light green yarn) and channel a CSP-based message-passing through the seminar offers . 

• The biggest feature of Go is its language design and simplicity. It has successfully combined the simplicity and productivity of PYTHON and the power of C. 

• Go has embedded Garbage Collector (although JVM is not as mature as a garbage collector). Go developers can write system programming with JAVA , PYTHON security. 

• Go is heavily supported by the world's largest web-scale company: Google . Go has excellent tooling and a vast ecosystem of libraries. 

• Go is used to develop infrastructure (eg , Docker , Kubernetes ) . Go now faster than other domains , like , big data , enterprise applications and server rooms are used in computing. 

 

Popularity:

• Like SWIFT , Go has also seen a meteoric rise in popularity.

 

• Here is the TIOBE index ranking since January 2020 , where Go is ranked 14th :

Main Use Cases:

• System programming
• Serverless computing
• business applications
• Cloud-native development

10. Ruby

• Ruby is the third programming language in this list in 1990 has went developed by a private developer during the decade. Ruby was created and released in 1995 by Japanese computer scientist Yukihiro Matsumoto as an "object-oriented scripting language" . 

• Ruby has since evolved into an interpretive , dynamically typed , high-level , multi-paradigm general-purpose programming language . Ruby is implemented in C and provides garbage collection. 

• Like PYTHON , Ruby focused a lot on developer productivity and developer happiness.
•  Although Ruby is not one of the hyped languages ​​of the moment , it is an excellent language for developers new to the Flat Learning Curve.

5 key features:

• Ruby has successfully combined some of the best features of programming languages : dynamic , object-oriented , functional , garbage-collected and concise. 

• Although Ruby itself is not disruptive , its web development framework Ruby on Rails is probably the most disruptive and influential server-side web development framework. 

• Ruby is used by some of the biggest software projects such as Twitter , GitHub , AirBnB , and has excellent tooling and framework support. 

• Ruby is constantly evolving with a rapid release cycle.
• Ruby and the well-known Ruby on Rails like framework , is a very active and supportive community in Sinatra.

Popularity:

• TIOBE by Ruby 11 as the fifth most popular programming language Jnvri 2020 ranked with an extremely positive step: